Understanding the Network of Norms affecting adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights

This review explores the network of social norms impacting adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in Eastern and Southern Africa. It combines qualitative and conceptual literature analyses with expert interviews to understand pathways and mechanisms through which norms affect SRHR outcomes, focusing on gender-based violence, contraceptive use, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use. The review identifies gender, heteronormativity, adultism, and privacy as key foundational norms that influence SRHR. Gender norms significantly impede adolescent girls' agency and access to SRHR services. Gender norms negatively affect adolescent boys and men, including by reinforcing hypersexualized notions. Heteronormativity contributes to stigma and discrimination against LGBTQ+ populations, with severe consequences. The research calls for interventions improving intergenerational dialogue and safe spaces for young people and attention to healthcare workers that are respectful and rights-based. It is essential to identify and support social movements operating at local, national, and international levels who can shift laws policies and social norms. The report highlights the need for interventions that address key populations and those facing multiple deprivations (conflicts and crises).